Perhaps the most important cause of signal integrity issues in a PCB is faster signal rise times. When circuits and devices are operating at low-to-moderate frequencies with moderate rise and fall times, signal integrity problems due to PCB design are rarely an issue....
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) will monitor the generation of the radiated and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from electronic circuitry. Poor EMI/EMC, noise generation and poor signal transmission are found to be the key reasons for electronic...
We previously quickly discussed signal reflection in our PCB transmission line article. This is an in-depth article about this very important topic that PCB designers should master. The first thing to remember is that signal reflection in PCB transmission lines occurs...
A PCB transmission line is a type of interconnection used for moving signals from their transmitters to their receivers on a printed circuit board. A PCB transmission line is composed of two conductors: a signal trace and a return path which is usually a ground plane....
Before we start with today’s article, something needs to get engraved in your minds. If some current goes out somewhere, it will always come back to the source, with no exceptions. Hence, there is always a current loop, a current return path along with the...
High-Density Interconnection or HDI substrates are multi-layer, high-density circuits with features including the fine line and well-defined space patterns. Increasing adoption of HDI substrates enhances the overall functionality of PCBs and limit the operational...
In this video, Keysight ADS SI application scientist Tim Wang Lee shows you how to use basic signal integrity (SI) analyses such as eye diagrams, S-parameters, TDR and single pulse response to solve signal integrity problems. After learning the 3-step approach to...
Controlled impedance PCBs often include a measurement “coupon”, which typically includes sample traces, 6 inches long and constructed as part of the printed circuit board panel. They are measured to assure the PCB stack-up and the accuracy of the PCB transmission...
This article covers in-depth the topic of losses in PCB transmission lines. We will talk about conductor loss, signal trace resistance, dielectric loss, loss tangent/dissipation factor of a dielectric, and total insertion loss. In our previous PCB Transmission Line...